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Search results for , issue "Vol 1, No 1 (2013)" : 6 Documents clear

Biogas production from bioethanol waste: the effect of pH and urea addition to biogas production rate Budiyono Budiyono; Iqbal Syaichurrozi; Siswo Sumardiono
Waste Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Anaerobic treatment is a good choice to treat bioethanol waste due to the high concentration of COD content for producing biogas as renewable energy. The purposes of this study were to study the effect of addition nitrogen source and pH control to biogas production. The laboratory scale-anaerobic digestions used in this experiment were operated in batch system and at room temperature. In determination of optimum pH, bioethanol waste and rumen fluid fed into digesters with initial pH 6.0; 7.0 and 8.0. Influent COD : N ratio (in form of urea) used in this study was 700:7 in compare to control. The results showed that initial pH 7.0 produced the most biogas with total biogas 3.81 mL/g COD. While initial pH 6 and pH 8 had total biogas 3.25 mL/g COD and 3.49 mL/g COD respectively. At urea addition, biogas formed had 52.47% greater than that of at without urea addition (control variable). Controlled pH caused biogas was produced until 90-day investigation and might continue to be produced. Total biogas of control variable (without urea addition) and variable with ratio COD:N=700:7 influent were 11.07 mL/g COD and 11.41 mL/g COD respectively.Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.1-5Citation: Budiyono, Syaichurrozi, I. and Sumardiono, S. 2013. Biogas production from bioethanol waste: the effect of pH andurea addition to biogas production rate. Waste Technology 1(1):1-5. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.1-5

Biodiesel Production from Microalgae by Extraction – Transesterification Method Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao; Nguyen Thanh Tin; Bui Xuan Thanh
Waste Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

The environmental impact of using petroleum fuels has led to a quest to find a suitable alternative fuel source. In this study, microalgae were explored as a highly potential feedstock to produce biodiesel fuel. Firstly, algal oil is extracted from algal biomass by using organic solvents (n–hexan). Lipid is contained in microalgae up to 60% of their weight. Then, Biodiesel is created through a chemical reaction known as transesterification between algal oil and alcohol (methanol) with strong acid (such as H2SO4) as the catalyst. The extraction – transesterification method resulted in a high biodiesel yield (10 % of algal biomass) and high FAMEs content (5.2 % of algal biomass). Biodiesel production from microalgae was studied through experimental investigation of transesterification conditions such as reaction time, methanol to oil ration and catalyst dosage which are deemed to have main impact on reaction conversion efficiency. All the parameters which were characterized for purified biodiesel such as free glycerin, total glycerin, flash point, sulfur content were analyzed according to ASTM standardDoi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.6-9Citation: Thao, N.T.P., Tin, N.T., and Thanh, B.X. 2013. Biodiesel Production from Microalgae by Extraction – Transesterification Method. Waste Technology 1(1):6-9. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.6-9

Assessment of potential greenhouse gas mitigation of available household solid waste treatment technologies Hoang Minh Giang; guyen Duc Luong; Luong Thi Mai Huong
Waste Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Current household solid waste treatment practices in most cities in Vietnam caused a great amount of direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Available solid waste treatment technologies should be seriously taken into consideration as a wedge of GHG mitigation in waste sector base on presently Vietnamese economic conditions. This study aim to evaluate the potential amount of GHG mitigation from current domestic solid waste treatment technologies in Vietnam including landfills and composting from various management scenarios. In oder to use Tier 2 model of IPCC 2006 for GHG estimation from landfills, an analysis on current household solid waste management system of the city was obtained by using material flow analysis approach. A case study in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam was carried out in this research. As a result, there was a reduced of over 70% of the amount of CH4 emissions and up to 53% of total GHG saving (CO2-eq) from avoiding organic waste to landfill. In addition, applying an energy recovery from LFG system to available landfills would lead to aproximately 75% of GHG saved compare to current emission of waste sector.Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.10-16Citation: Giang, H.M.,Luong, N.D., and Huong, L.T.M.2013. Assessment of potential greenhouse gas mitigation of available household solid waste treatment technologies. . Waste Technology 1(1):6-9. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.10-16

Challenges for municipal solid waste management practices in Vietnam Nguyen Duc Luong; Hoang Minh Giang; Bui Xuan Thanh; Nguyen The Hung
Waste Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is currently one of the major environmental problems facing by Vietnam. Improper management of MSW has caused adverse impacts on the environment, community health, and social-economic development. This study attempts to provide a review of the generation and characterization, disposal and treatment technologies of MSW to evaluate the current status and identify the problems of MSW management practices in Vietnam. Finally, this study is concluded with fruitful recommendations which may be useful in encouraging the responsible agencies to work towards the further improvement of the existing MSW management system.Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.17-21Citation: Luong, N.D., Giang, H.M., Thanh, B.X. and Hung, N.T. 2013. Challenges for municipal solid waste management practices in Vietnam. Waste Technology 1(1):6-9.Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.17-21

Observation of temperature and pH during biogas production from water hyacinth and cow manure Nurfitri Astuti; Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati; B Budiyono
Waste Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Biogas is generated from biological process of organic material by bacterial engaged. Biogas can be derived from manure, municipal waste, agricultural waste and other biomass resources. In addition to the use of cow manure as raw material for biogas production, it can also be derived from biomass containing cellulose which one is water hyacinth as an organic material that contains quite large cellulose. The abundance of water hyacinth found in Rawapening causing several negative impacts. The purpose of this study is to observe temperature and pH on the biogas production generated from water hyacinth of Rawapening and cow manure. Biogas production process begins by chopping the leaves and stems of water hyacinth, and then mixed with cow manure and water. The results of substrate variation of water hyacinth, cow manure and water reaches optimally at 40:80:480 respectively, which produce the highest point of biogas amounted 176.33 ml on the day 20 in 1L sized digester, the temperature of the biogas production is at 32°C. At the initial fermentation, digester temperature of 30°C has increased over the course of the fermentation process, a peak at day 20 and then decreased to 27°C at the end of fermentation. There is a decrease in pH starting from initial fermentation at pH 6-7 and then the pH began to decline until the end of fermentation as amount of pH 5.Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.22-25Citation: Nurfitri Astuti, N., Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati, T.R., and Budiyono. 2013. Observation of temperature and pH during biogas production from water hyacinth and cow manure. Waste Technology 1(1):1-5. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/wastech.1.1.22-25

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Waste Technology Vol 1, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

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